Dandruff is a common chronic scalp condition in which small pieces of dry skin flake off the scalp. It’s not harmful and not infectious. The flakes are more noticeable in dark hair or if you’re wearing dark clothes and they fall from your scalp on to your shoulders. Scalp may feel dry and itchy due to dandruff.

Dandruff is not caused by poor hygiene, although infrequent shampooing can make it more obvious. Stress and cold weather may also make dandruff worse.

The most effective way to treat and control dandruff is to use anti dandruff shampoo. Follow these tips from dermatologist: to control your dandruff

Always follow the instructions on the dandruff shampoo bottle.

There are many different anti dandruff shampoos available in pharmacy and supermarket containing different active ingredients for controlling symptoms. Some dandruff shampoos require to be lathered into the scalp and leave in for about five minutes before rinsing. Others do  not need to be left on the scalp.

Look for shampoos containing one of these ingredients:

• selenium sulphide (or selenium sulfide)
• zinc pyrithion
• ketoconazole

Follow instructions on bottle how to use these shampoos.

Use the shampoo for a month to see if the dandruff improves. More than one type of shampoo may be tried to find one that works.

• Shampoo regularly and use dandruff shampoo twice a week. If using one type of dandruff shampoo does not bring any relief, other dandruff shampoos with different active ingredients may be tried.

For most people, dandruff is benign and does not require medical attention. However, sometimes the flaking and itching appearing like dandruff may be a medical condition, such as contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis or fungal infections of the scalp.

If symptoms persist after using a dandruff shampoo, consult a certified dermatologist. A dermatologist can properly diagnose your condition and recommend a treatment plan that best meets your needs.

See a dermatologist

• if your dandruff is bad or your scalp is very itchy
• if your scalp is red or swollen

The dermatologist can diagnose scalp conditions that could be causing your dandruff.